Fractured Learning

AS IT HAS BEEN SAID by many an education reformer, "taking tests merely shows that a student is good at taking tests." Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison are two of history's most well known examples of brilliant minds who were terrible at taking tests, and thus terrible at school in general. MI theory demonstrates that the ability to take tests exists almost wholly in the area of logical-mathematical intelligence. Apart from some students' ability to second guess a teacher's structuring of a test (and thus demonstrate a keen interpersonal intelligence), tests focus at best on only one-seventh of an individual's intellect.

What do students lose with this type of assessment?
What is the the traditional view of intelligence?
How has this view impacted schools historically?
What does Multiple Intelligences theory propose?
Tell me more about Howard Gardner.
Tell me more about Harvard Project Zero.

I'd like to examine other reform styles.